Looming Cholera Threat

The recent outbreak of cholera in the Kathmandu Valley and outside points to an emerging public health threat of water-borne diseases. The resurfacing of cholera could be a cause for alert for the healthcare system which calls for taking immediate precautionary measures. With more than 15 cases confirmed in just a week, communities are at risk of contagious disease. Cholera is a deadly communicable disease, potentially fatal for half of those infected if left untreated. Its symptoms extend beyond severe diarrhoea, including stomach constriction, leg cramps, fatigue, vomiting, intense thirst, dry skin, and low blood pressure. It can quickly spread in places where there is water and food contamination, such as densely populated urban areas and slums. 

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), cholera is an acute diarrhoeal infection caused by ingestion of food or water contaminated with the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. The widespread use of untreated and unsafe jar water in schools, offices, and public spaces has unwittingly created a potential breeding ground for cholera. Alarmingly, some unscrupulous water companies are flooding the market with untreated water, directly contributing to the spread of the disease. This situation underscores the urgent need for stricter regulations and more rigorous quality control in the water supply chain to protect public health. Prevention is the key. Boiling water, practicing good hygiene, and proper food handling can significantly reduce infection risks. 

A multifaceted approach is needed to control cholera, and avert deaths. A combination of surveillance, water, sanitation and hygiene, social mobilisation, treatment, and oral cholera vaccines are necessary. Adhering to basic hygiene practices is the first line of defence against cholera and other water-borne diseases. Consistently drinking boiled or chlorine-treated water, consuming thoroughly cooked food, and washing hands frequently with soap and water can significantly reduce the risk of cholera infection. These simple yet effective habits should be a part of the daily routine of the people to safeguard their health. However, individual actions alone aren't enough. 

The authorities must step up regular water quality checks, especially jar and bottle water, infrastructure improvements, and public awareness campaigns should be essential year-round activities. Authorities need to act swiftly and decisively. First, they must ramp up water testing and treatment across the valley and beyond. Second, repairing and upgrading the water supply infrastructure should be prioritised to prevent contamination. Third, a comprehensive public health campaign is needed to educate people about cholera symptoms and prevention measures.

It is crucial to recognise that cholera is more than just a health issue. It also reflects broader societal challenges in a least developed country like Nepal. Poor sanitation, inadequate supply of safe and clean drinking water, and economic disparities contribute to the persistence of the outbreaks of such diseases. Addressing these root causes requires a holistic approach. The authorities should invest in clean water supply, overhaul sanitation systems, and elevate public health standards. These are the fundamental necessities for a healthy society. An unwavering commitment and decisive action are required before this manageable situation spirals into an uncontrollable crisis that jeopardises public health, economy, and the way of general life.