Time To Decriminalise Cannabis

Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, has long been a topic of debate and controversy. However, as societal attitudes shift and scientific research advances, it is time to reevaluate our perception of this plant. In recent years, the discussion surrounding cannabis has shifted dramatically. Once stigmatised and associated solely with recreational use, cannabis is now being recognised for its potential therapeutic benefits. Also, there has been a growing movement to legalise cannabis for both medicinal and recreational use. 

One of the most compelling arguments in favour of cannabis is its potential as a medical treatment. Numerous studies have shown its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms associated with various conditions, including chronic pain, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and chemotherapy-induced nausea. The plant's active compounds, such as THC and CBD, have demonstrated therapeutic properties, offering hope to patients who have exhausted traditional treatment options. As we continue to explore the medical potential of cannabis, it is crucial to ensure access to safe and regulated products for those in need.

Benefits versus dangers

One of the most widely acknowledged benefits of cannabis is its potential as a pain reliever. Studies have shown that cannabinoids, the active compounds in cannabis, can effectively alleviate chronic pain associated with conditions such as arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and fibromyalgia. Unlike traditional pain medications, cannabis offers a natural alternative with fewer side effects and a lower risk of addiction.

Cannabis has also shown promise in aiding mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. Certain strains of cannabis, particularly those high in CBD (cannabidiol), have been found to have calming and mood-stabilising effects. This makes cannabis a potential alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals, which often come with a host of side effects. Additionally, cannabis has been associated with reduced symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, offering hope for those struggling with this debilitating condition.

Emerging research suggests that cannabis may hold potential in treating neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. CBD, in particular, has been found to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures in epilepsy patients. Furthermore, cannabis has shown promise in managing symptoms such as tremors and muscle stiffness in individuals with Parkinson's disease. 

Beyond its medical applications, cannabis presents a significant economic opportunity. Legalising and regulating the cannabis industry can create jobs, generate tax revenue, and stimulate economic growth. From cultivation and processing to retail and tourism, the industry has the potential to revitalise struggling communities and contribute to local economies. Moreover, the legalisation of cannabis can help redirect law enforcement resources towards more pressing issues, reducing the burden on the criminal justice system.

Cannabis can also be used for industrial purposes, such as making paper, textiles, and building materials. Hemp, a strain of cannabis with low levels of THC, is particularly useful for industrial applications. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional materials and can be grown without the use of pesticides or herbicides. Research has shown that regular cannabis use can increase the risk of developing mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. In fact, studies have found that cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia, particularly in those who start using the drug at a young age. 

Furthermore, cannabis use can have a negative impact on cognitive function, particularly in adolescents and young adults whose brains are still developing. Studies have shown that regular cannabis use can impair memory, attention, and decision-making skills, which can have long-term consequences on academic and occupational success. Another danger of cannabis use is its potential for addiction. While many people believe that cannabis is not addictive, research has shown that around 9 per cent of people who use cannabis will develop a dependence on the drug. This can lead to withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, insomnia, and anxiety when trying to quit, making it difficult for individuals to break free from their cannabis use. Additionally, cannabis use can have negative effects on physical health. 

Responsible regulation

While acknowledging the potential benefits and dangers of cannabis, it is essential to emphasise the importance of responsible regulation. Legalisation should be accompanied by strict regulations to ensure public safety, prevent underage consumption, and mitigate potential risks. Proper labelling, quality control, and education campaigns are necessary to inform consumers about potential side effects and responsible usage. 

Critics of cannabis often raise concerns about addiction, impaired driving, and potential mental health risks. While these concerns should not be dismissed, they can be addressed through education, responsible usage guidelines, and robust research. By investing in scientific studies and public health initiatives, we can better understand the risks associated with cannabis and develop evidence-based policies to mitigate them.

The time has come to embrace a more nuanced and evidence-based approach to cannabis. By recognising its medical potential, economic opportunities, and the need for responsible regulation, we can unlock the true potential of this plant. 

As we move forward, it is crucial to prioritise research, education, and responsible usage guidelines to ensure that cannabis is utilised safely and effectively. With the right approach, cannabis can become a valuable asset in our society, benefiting individuals, communities, and the economy as a whole.

(Dr. Lohani is the executive director at the Health Concern. lohanis@gmail.com)