Climate Change Hits Public Health

Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time, and its impact on human health cannot be ignored. As temperatures rise, extreme weather events become more frequent, and air pollution worsens, the health of people around the world is at risk. Climate change is no longer a distant threat but a harsh reality that is wreaking havoc on our planet. Nepal, a country nestled in the Himalayas, is particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. From rising temperatures to erratic rainfall patterns, these changes are not only altering the landscape but also posing a significant threat to public health.

Climate change has led to a surge in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters in Nepal. Flash floods, landslides, and droughts have become more common, resulting in the displacement of communities, loss of lives, and destruction of infrastructure. These disasters not only directly impact physical health but also contribute to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Drinking water scarcity 

Erratic rainfall patterns and melting glaciers have disrupted the availability of clean water sources in Nepal. This scarcity of safe drinking water has led to an increase in waterborne diseases like diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid. Additionally, climate change has negatively affected agricultural productivity, leading to food insecurity and malnutrition. Lack of access to nutritious food further weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to diseases.

Climate change has created favourable conditions for the proliferation of disease-carrying vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks. Rising temperatures and altered rainfall patterns have expanded the geographical range of these vectors, increasing the transmission of diseases like malaria, dengue fever, and Japanese encephalitis. These diseases pose a significant threat to public health, particularly in rural areas where healthcare infrastructure is limited.

Climate change exacerbates air pollution, primarily through the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. The resulting increase in air pollutants, such as particulate matter and greenhouse gases, contributes to respiratory diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer. Vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory conditions, are particularly at risk.

The adverse effects of climate change on physical health are often accompanied by a range of mental health challenges. The loss of livelihoods, displacement, and increased vulnerability to natural disasters can lead to feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, the uncertainty and fear associated with climate change can cause chronic stress, further deteriorating mental well-being.

Climate change is an existential threat that demands immediate attention and concerted efforts from governments, industries, and individuals worldwide. The consequences of inaction are dire, with rising temperatures, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity already impacting our planet. Climate change mitigation primarily focuses to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the extent of global warming. The urgency of this issue cannot be overemphasized. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) warns that we have a limited window of opportunity to prevent catastrophic consequences. Failing to act now will result in irreversible damage to ecosystems, food security, and human health.

Mitigating climate change requires a multi-faceted approach that encompasses various sectors of society. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, is a crucial step in reducing carbon emissions. Governments must incentivise the adoption of clean energy technologies and invest in research and development to make them more accessible and affordable. Additionally, industries must embrace sustainable practices, such as reducing waste, improving energy efficiency, and implementing circular economy models. By adopting cleaner production methods and reducing reliance on fossil fuels, businesses can significantly contribute to climate change mitigation.

While governments and industries play a pivotal role, individuals also have a responsibility to contribute to climate change mitigation. Making conscious choices in our daily lives, such as reducing meat consumption, using public transportation, and minimising energy consumption, can collectively make a significant impact. Furthermore, advocating for policy changes and supporting organisations working towards climate action can amplify our individual efforts.

International cooperation

Climate change mitigation faces several challenges, including political inertia, economic considerations, and the need for international cooperation. However, these obstacles should not deter us from taking action. By investing in green technologies, creating green jobs, and implementing carbon pricing mechanisms, governments can create a favorable environment for sustainable development. Moreover, we can work to improve public health systems to better respond to the health impacts of climate change. This includes investing in research to better understand the health impacts of climate change, as well as developing public health campaigns to educate people about the risks and how to protect themselves.

Therefore, urgent action is needed to mitigate the effects of climate change, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting sustainable practices, and strengthening healthcare infrastructure. Failure to address these issues will continue to put the health and well-being of Nepali citizens at risk, jeopardizing the future of the nation. At the same time, international collaboration is crucial for effective climate change mitigation. Countries must work together to set ambitious emission reduction targets, share best practices, and provide financial and technological support to developing nations. The Paris Agreement, signed by nearly every country, serves as a framework for global cooperation and should be strengthened to ensure its effectiveness.

(Dr. Lohani is the executive director at Health Concern. lohanis@gmail.com)