Urgent Action Needed To Fight Obesity

Obesity has become a global health crisis, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. According to WHO (2024) one in every eight people are living with it. Obesity has become a global epidemic, with its prevalence reaching alarming levels in recent decades. Obesity rates have skyrocketed in recent decades, with both developed and developing countries experiencing a surge in the number of overweight and obese individuals. This alarming trend can be attributed to various factors, including sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and the widespread availability of processed foods.

Epidemiological studies have consistently shown a significant rise in obesity rates worldwide. The prevalence of obesity has more than doubled since 1980, affecting individuals of all ages, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds. These studies have also revealed substantial disparities in obesity rates among different populations, emphasising the need for targeted interventions.

Health concern

Obesity is a growing public health concern in Nepal. According to a study conducted by the Nepal Health Research Council, the prevalence of obesity in Nepal has increased from 1.8 per cent in 2006 to 4.4 per cent in 2016. This increase is attributed to changes in lifestyle, including sedentary behaviour, unhealthy diets, and lack of physical activity. The epidemiology of obesity in Nepal is complex and multifactorial. The prevalence of obesity is higher in urban areas compared to rural areas, and among women compared to men. This is due to a combination of factors, including the availability of unhealthy food options, lack of physical activity, and cultural beliefs that prioritise a larger body size as a sign of wealth and prosperity.

Obesity is a result of complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. Epidemiological research has identified several determinants that contribute to the development of obesity. These include sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary patterns, socioeconomic status, cultural influences, and genetic predisposition. Understanding these determinants is crucial for designing effective prevention and intervention strategies.

Obesity is not just a matter of body weight; it is associated with a wide range of health consequences and comorbidities. Epidemiological studies have linked obesity to an increased risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancer, and musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, obesity has profound psychological and social implications, leading to decreased quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Moreover, obesity places a significant burden on healthcare systems, leading to increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life for affected individuals.

Obesity has far-reaching socioeconomic consequences. It disproportionately affects individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, perpetuating health inequalities. The economic burden of obesity is substantial, as it leads to decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, and higher healthcare expenditures. Addressing the issues of obesity is not only a matter of public health but also has economic consequences. Additionally, obesity can have a significant impact on the economy, as it increases healthcare costs and reduces productivity. Preventing and managing obesity requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the underlying causes.

The food industry plays a significant role in the epidemic growth in obesity. The aggressive marketing of unhealthy foods, particularly to children, contributes to poor dietary choices. Additionally, the prevalence of cheap, calorie-dense foods makes it challenging for individuals to make healthier choices. It is crucial to hold the food industry responsible and promote the production and availability of nutritious and more affordable options.

To combat the obesity epidemic, a comprehensive approach is necessary. Epidemiological research plays a vital role in informing evidence-based interventions and policies. This includes promoting healthy eating habits, increasing physical activity, creating supportive environments, and implementing educational programs. Additionally, addressing the social determinants of obesity, such as poverty and food insecurity, is crucial for achieving long-term success.

Educating individuals about the risks of obesity and promoting healthy lifestyles is essential. Comprehensive health education programmes should be implemented in schools, workplaces, and communities to empower individuals to make informed choices. Additionally, raising awareness about the societal impact of obesity can help reduce stigma and foster a supportive environment for those struggling with weight management.

Governments must take a proactive role in addressing the obesity epidemic. Implementing policies such as taxation on sugary beverages, restricting the marketing of unhealthy foods, and improving access to affordable, nutritious options can have a significant impact. Additionally, investing in public health initiatives, including physical activity programs and community-based interventions, is crucial for creating an environment that promotes healthy living. 

Collaboration

Hence, obesity is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach. Combating this epidemic necessitates collaboration between individuals, communities, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and the food industry. By prioritising prevention, education, and policy changes, we can work towards a healthier future, free from the burden of obesity. 

The epidemiology of obesity provides valuable insights into the complex nature of this global health issue. It highlights the need for comprehensive approaches that address the multiple determinants of obesity. By understanding the prevalence, determinants, consequences, and comorbidities of obesity, we can develop evidence-based strategies to combat this epidemic. All stakeholders must continue to play a central role in unraveling the epidemiology of obesity and implementing effective interventions to promote healthier lifestyles and reduce the burden of obesity-related diseases. It is time to take action and make a lasting impact on the well-being of individuals and societies as a whole.

(Dr. Lohani is the executive director at Health Concern. lohanis@gmail.com)