As tiger population rises, so does challenge of co-existence

Kathmandu, July 29: Human-tiger coexistence is an essential aspect of tiger conservation that focuses on finding ways for humans and tigers to live together harmoniously while minimising conflicts. 

As the country is preparing to mark World Tiger Day on Saturday (July 29), experts are focusing on the coexistence to promote community-based conservation and strengthening anti-poaching measures.

According to the latest census conducted in 2022, Nepal’s tiger population has shown extraordinary growth, reaching 355 from 121 in 2010 – a three-fold increase. 

Ajay Karki, the Spokesperson and Deputy Director General at the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation (DNPWC), said that the government has successfully met the global conservation target. With this significant milestone accomplished, their attention has now shifted towards the effective management of the wildlife population.

To achieve this goal, they are diligently working on finalizing the National Tiger Recovery (Management) Plan, which is currently in its last stages. This comprehensive plan aims to address the challenges posed by human-tiger interactions and pave the way for sustainable tiger conservation while promoting the well-being of local communities. 

Bishnu Prasad Shrestha, the former conservation officer at Bardiya National Park, highlights an important aspect of tiger conservation for the economic development of the country. 

With the increasing tiger population, there has been a rise in conflicts between humans and tigers. However, it is essential to make the local communities aware that tigers are not the root of the problem. Instead, it is the human-tiger interactions that need to be addressed and managed properly to reduce conflicts and ensure the safety of both people and tigers. He said, “By fostering understanding and implementing appropriate measures, we can work towards harmonious coexistence with these wild cats.”

“We can promote community-based conservation by involving local communities in conservation efforts and providing them with incentives for protecting tiger habitats and refraining from activities that may lead to human-tiger conflicts,” Shrestha, who is currently at the DNPWC.

Nepal has made a name for itself among the 13 tiger range countries by making significant progress towards achieving the ambitious goal set during the Tiger Summit in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in 2010. Alongside India, it is one of the two nations that have made remarkable progress in tiger conservation.

Ghana Shyam Gurung, Country Representative of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Nepal, is focused on prioritising human-wildlife coexistence. “Wild animals will always remain wild, but it is essential to change human behaviour towards them to minimise any further damage,” he emphasises. 

Achieving harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife involves adopting measures that allow both to share habitats peacefully, without compromising the well-being of either, he said. Raising awareness among local communities about the significance of conserving and respecting natural wildlife habitats is vital, he added.

It is crucial for the people residing in the vicinity of protected areas to have access to skilled livelihood opportunities. So that the younger generation will not stay there only to be a tourist guide and they will support their families being independent of forest resources, Gurung added. Another part as Gurung said, infrastructure development must prioritise environmentally friendly approaches to safeguard wildlife and natural habitats.

According to Gurung, effective grassland management is another essential part of maintaining wildlife within its natural habitats, promoting a harmonious coexistence. Additionally, focusing on preserving and enhancing water sources is vital for supporting the diverse needs of wildlife and sustaining their ecosystem, he added.

“Monitoring wildlife using camera traps is a valuable conservation tool, enabling us to better understand their behaviours and population dynamics. In case of any arising problems, such as a potentially dangerous or problematic tiger, timely and responsible actions, like rescuing and relocating the animal when necessary, should be taken to ensure the safety of both wildlife and nearby communities,” Gurung said at a press meet and interaction programme organised by the WWF on the eve of Global Tiger Day 2023 on Friday.

“We have achieved more than our global commitments in tiger conservation, it is now imperative to shift our focus towards maintaining the population by addressing the critical issues of habitat destruction and wildlife crime and coexistence,” said Shiva Raj Bhatta, Conservation Director at WWF.